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Māori History Post-European Arrival

The arrival of Captain Cook initiated a dynamic but increasingly unequal relationship between Māori and Pakeha through colonialism. From the Treaty of Waitangi and the New Zealand Wars to land marches and Treaty settlements this topic explores a history of Māori post-European arrival and their response to colonisation. SCIS no: 1894418

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Māori Women's Welfare League Conference

Māori Women's Welfare League Conference

Taken by an unidentified photographer. Shows a group portrait members of the Women's League at the1st General Conference, held in Wellington in September 1951. Members of the group as identified o...

Māori Women’s welfare league

Founded in 1951, Te Ropu Wahine Maori Toko i te Ora (Maori Women’s Welfare League Inc.) is the only national charitable Maori Womens Organisation in Aotearoa. Since the League was founded, it remai...

Māori Women's Welfare League

Māori Women's Welfare League

I tangohia tēnei whakaahua i te hui ā-motu o Te Rōpū Wāhine Māori Toko i te Ora i te tau 2002 ki te marae o Te Poho-o-Rāwiri ki Tūranga. Kei mua ko te minita ko Tariana Tūria rātou ko Jaqui Te Kani...

Strutt, William 1825-1915 :A group I once saw in Maori Land. New Plymouth. 1856

Strutt, William 1825-1915 :A group I once saw in Maori Land. New Plymouth. 1856

Shows a spirited group of three Maori, two men and one woman, each on horseback, galloping from left to right in profile. The woman wears a top hat, and the men wear peaked caps. The woman rides si...

Māori Party co-leaders, 2008

Māori Party co-leaders, 2008

Māori Party co-leaders Pita Sharples (left) and Tariana Turia sign a confidence and supply agreement with National Prime Minister John Key in 2008. The Māori Party was formed in 2004 following the ...

Maori Party marks 10th anniversary

The Maori Party was officially recognised as a political movement 10 years ago on Wednesday. Now, two of its founding members are quitting the game before the election.

Mete Kingi Te Rangi Paetahi - Photograph taken by Edward Smallwood Richards

Mete Kingi Te Rangi Paetahi - Photograph taken by Edward Smallwood Richards

Formal seated portrait photograph of Mete Kingi Te Rangi Paetahi, wearing a uniform and holding a patu, photographed ca 1869 by Edward Smallwood Richards. Other - From back of file print: cf A C B...

First Māori MPs

Our first Māori MP’s were elected 150 years ago.

Kīngitanga flags

Kiīngitanga flags

Within 20 years of the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi, large areas of tribal land had passed from Māori to Pākehā ownership. Some central North Island tribes wished to retain their lands, and co...

Māori–Pākehā relations

Māori–Pākehā relations

Pākehā men pursuing whales off the coast of Aotearoa New Zealand in the early 19th century sometimes settled ashore and married into Māori tribes. Whalers were followed by missionaries keen to conv...

Kīngitanga flags: Mahuta's flag

Kiingitanga flags: Mahuta's flag

This flag has the name Kiingi Mahuta Tawhiao Potatau Te Whero Whero printed on it – the full name of the third Māori king, Mahuta. The seven stars represent Te Paki o Matariki, the constellation Pl...

Tupara (double-barrelled shotgun).

Tupara (double-barrelled shotgun).

Muzzle loading, double barrelled percussion shotgun. The gun was made by the English gunsmith William Morter, about 1860. The stock has been finely carved by an unknown Māori artist. Guns of this ...

Maori woman from Hawkes Bay district

Maori woman from Hawkes Bay district

Carte de visite portrait of a Maori woman from the Hawkes Bay district, wearing a korowai (tag cloak), taken between 1880 and 1900 by Samuel Carnell of Napier. Dated from Carnell's use of the dry ...

Maori man from Hawkes Bay

Maori man from Hawkes Bay

Carte de visite portrait of Maori man from Hawkes Bay, taken, probably in the 1870s, by Samuel Carnell of Napier. Date assigned on the basis that Carnell used the wet collodion process early in hi...

Pioneer Women - Princess Te Puea

Pioneer Women - Princess Te Puea

This episode of Pioneer Women dramatises the life of Waikato leader Te Puea Herangi: from prodigal daughter to leader of the Tainui people. Te Puea helped establish the Kingitanga movement, and led...

Koha - Whina Cooper (Part One)

Koha - Whina Cooper (Part One)

The early life of Dame Whina Cooper, one of the most influential Māori leaders of the 20th century, is explored in the first part of this two-part TVNZ profile. The inspirational leader of the 1975...

Māori newspapers and magazines – ngā niupepa me ngā moheni: Role of Māori newspapers

The first newspaper in the Māori language – Ko te Karere o Nui Tireni – was published by the government from 1842. From then till the early 1930s some 40 newspapers in Māori were published by the g...

Te Kōti Whenua – Māori Land Court: From tribal to individual ownership, 1840–1862

There are three types of land ownership in New Zealand: Crown land belongs to the state. General land is ordinary private land. Māori land is owned by Māori and is subject to the jurisdiction of th...

Ngā rōpū tautohetohe – Māori protest movements

Ngā rōpū tautohetohe – Māori protest movements

Māori have a long history of fighting for their rights, over issues ranging from land loss and language revival to exclusion from rugby tours of South Africa. Acts of protest have included Hōne Hek...

Kotahitanga – unity movements: The first Kotahitanga movements, 1834 to 1840

Kotahitanga means unity. Kotahitanga movements are Māori political movements that aim to unify Māori on a pan-tribal basis. Kotahitanga movements were diverse; some were regional, while others were...

Kotahitanga leader Hōne Heke Ngāpua

Kotahitanga leader Hōne Heke Ngāpua

Hōne Heke Ngāpua of Kaikohe was the great-nephew of Hōne Wiremu Heke Pōkai. In the 1880s he became involved with the Kotahitanga movement, which aimed for greater Māori control over land sales and ...

Repudiation movement

Repudiation movement

In the 1870s Hawke's Bay Māori became so unhappy with the results of land sales that the repudiation movement sprang up. This movement rejected further sales and leases of land, and aimed to overtu...

Destiny Church service

Destiny Church service

The Pentecostal Destiny Church broadcasts many of its services live on television and on the internet. Watch this extract from a sermon delivered by the leader of the church, Brian Tamaki, in Decem...

Ngā tohu – treaty signatories - Treaty signatories and signing locations

When complete, Ngā tohu – treaty signatories will include biographical information on every signatory of the Treaty of Waitangi who can be identified.

Parihaka

On 5 November 1881, the people of Parihaka peacefully resisted the militia invasion of their Taranaki settlement. http://my.christchurchcitylibraries.com/parihaka/

Kororāreka painting

Kororāreka painting

Kororāreka as painted by Augustus Earle; the colour print was published in 1838. A European man, probably Earle himself, is being led down a steep path by a Māori with a mere on his wrist and a tai...

Henare Taratoa

A painting of Henare Wiremu a leader of Tauranga’s Ngai Te Rangi.

Williams, John, d 1905 :War dance, N.Z. 1858.

Williams, John, d 1905 :War dance, N.Z. 1858.

Shows a large group of some thirty or more Maori men (thirty are visible with more implied behind) performing a haka, all brandishing rifles held by the barrel end, with the butt uppermost. All are...

Morgan, Jack :Oihi Bay, Christmas Day 1814; Samuel Marsden preaching the first sermon to the Maoris. [Auckland, Weekly News, 1964]

Morgan, Jack :Oihi Bay, Christmas Day 1814; Samuel Marsden preaching the first sermon to the Maoris. [Auckland, Weekly News, 1964]

Samuel Marsden behind a makeshift pulpit, with the Bible, preaching to a group of Maori and Europeans, with a bay behind him on the left, with canoes and a European ship (the Active), and on the ri...

Hiscocks, Ercildoune Frederick, fl 1899-1940s :A new era in view for the Maori. New Zealand Graphic and Ladies' Journal, 9 February 1907 (front page).

Hiscocks, Ercildoune Frederick, fl 1899-1940s :A new era in view for the Maori. New Zealand Graphic and Ladies' Journal, 9 February 1907 (front page).

A young boy representing 'New Zealand today' holds out the tools of self-reliance (an axe), labour (a shovel) and agricultural instruction (a grubber) to a Maori chief who is wearing native dress ...

Artist unknown :New Zealand sketches; the Maori parliament at Orakei - see page 553. The Illustrated London news, Dec. 4, 1880 - [page] 55[7?]

Artist unknown :New Zealand sketches; the Maori parliament at Orakei - see page 553. The Illustrated London news, Dec. 4, 1880 - [page] 55[7?]

Three scenes in one engraving showing the Orakei Maori Parliament of 1879. The top inset scene is of a Maori village on a curved shoreline at Orakei. The middle image shows an interior scene of the...

English & Continental Photographers (Nelson) fl 1880s : Portrait of Huria Matenga

English & Continental Photographers (Nelson) fl 1880s : Portrait of Huria Matenga

Huria Matenga with hat and riding crop, 1864. Photograph taken by the English & Continental Photographic Studio of Nelson. This image is also in the Innes Album PA1-f-032, page 13 (a lighter imag...

Maori Battalion training at Maadi, Egypt

Maori Battalion training at Maadi, Egypt

The Maori Battalion training at Maadi, Egypt, during World War 2. Photographer unidentified. Quantity: 1 b&w original negative(s). Physical Description: Film negative

Māori women smoking pipes

Māori women smoking pipes

Four women smoke pipes outside a meeting house in the King Country in 1885. Māori developed the habit of smoking tobacco in the early 19th century, through contact with the whaling community. From ...

D. S. fl 1840s-1850s :[Soldier asleep in a whare, being watched over by a Maori woman. Between 1845 and 1858]

D. S. fl 1840s-1850s :[Soldier asleep in a whare, being watched over by a Maori woman. Between 1845 and 1858]

A young bare-footed soldier asleep on a pile of blankets, his rifle propped against the wall behind him. A young Maori woman is seated on the floor beside him, watching him affectionately as he sl...

Scott, Thomas, 1947- :Great moments in New Zealand History No. 1. 'Well done Hobson. With a bit of luck we'll never hear about fishing rights or land claims ever again.' Evening Post, 28 September 1988

Scott, Thomas, 1947- :Great moments in New Zealand History No. 1. 'Well done Hobson. With a bit of luck we'll never hear about fishing rights or land claims ever again.' Evening Post, 28 September 1988

Highlights a comment made by a Pakeha while both sides (Pakeha and Maori) leave the table where the Treaty of Waitangi has been signed in 1840, heading off in different directions. Quantity: 1 car...

Hawbridge, Bob, fl 1890s:The Latest New Woman. New Zealand Graphic, 9 February 1895. p. 131.

Hawbridge, Bob, fl 1890s:The Latest New Woman. New Zealand Graphic, 9 February 1895. p. 131.

A Maori woman holds high a mere in a battle stance. Signifies Maori women taking over from Maori men in the fight to keep their lands. The bar represents the Native Land Courts from which the Te Ko...

Rua Kenana

Rua Kenana Hepetipa, circa 1908. Photographer possibly James McDonald. Quantity: 1 b&w copy negative(s).

Pioneer Battalion, First World War

Pioneer Battalion, First World War

A relaxed group of young Māori soldiers prepares to leave New Zealand about 1916, as reinforcements for the Pioneer Battalion. Other Māori had earlier served on Gallipoli as a Māori Contingent. Thi...

North Island influenza death rates - The 1918 influenza pandemic

Death rates from the 1918 influenza pandemic for towns and counties in the North Island

The wars of Waitara - Roadside Stories

The wars of Waitara - Roadside Stories

The small Taranaki town of Waitara has been the site of many battles, including major conflict between Waikato war parties and the local Te Āti Awa people. In 1860 a dispute over land ownership at ...

Urban Māori: Urbanisation

In 2013, 84% of Māori lived in urban areas. Most are in the main metropolitan centres: a quarter live in the region of Auckland, New Zealand’s largest city. Many continue to associate with their tr...

Māori–Pākehā relations: Māori renaissance

From the late 19th century, Pākehā included Māori traditions, customs and images in displays of New Zealand’s distinctive national identity. Cultural and trade exhibitions featured Māori performers...

Dog Tax War narrowly averted

War threatened sleepy Hokianga as government troops marched towards armed Māori ‘rebels’.

Native school, Whangapē

Native school, Whangapē

Native schools like the one shown here at Whangapē, in the far north, had a major impact on Māori childhood around the beginning of the 20th century. These 1906 photos show (top) daily drill (physi...

Book of the Week: A brief history of the power and glory of Māori popular music

Book of the Week: A brief history of the power and glory of Māori popular music

One of the stand-out chapters in Chris Bourke's new best-selling history of New Zealand music in World War One is about the contribution and legacy of Māori music. He expands on the subject for the...

New work explores the history of wāhine Māori

The voices and perspectives of hundreds of Māori women have been collected in a new book, which hopes to redefine the traditional role of Wāhine Māori in 19th century Aotearoa.

Early NZ Maori

Rikihana Carkeek

Rikihana Carkeek

Rikihana (Bunny) Carkeek was a prominent Ngāti Raukawa leader from Ōtaki who served in the First World War.

An 1868 report on “the social and political state of the natives in various districts...”

Research and the colonisation of Māori knowledge

Discusses the colonisation process by which indigenous people are labelled inferior, and how Māori research can work against this process to reclaim the past.

The invasion of Parihaka

On 5 November 1881 some 1,600 volunteers and Armed Constabulary were commanded tomarch on Parihaka.

NZ’s first hip-hop song from Upper Hutt Posse is a lesson in Māori history.

A mature nation owns its history

A mature nation takes ownership of its history, not just cherry-picking the good bits out to remember but also acknowledging the bad as well.

Research papers

Towards a culturally responsive and place-conscious theory of history teaching

Place-based education can help history teachers practise a culturally responsive pedagogy grounded in the unique historical, cultural, and ecological contexts in which their students live and learn.

Ōrākau, famed battle site

Ōrākau, near Kihikihi, was the site of a Māori fighting pā and an 1864 battle between Māori and British troops.

Place-based education and Māori history

Professor Wally Penetito talks about the importance of having rich, local historical stories and artefacts included in the local school curriculum.

Concerns over how NZ history is taught

New Zealand's history, extending back to the earliest Polynesian settlers, is of significant importance to us.

A Tūhoe history timeline.

The Māori tribes of Taranaki

The people of Te Ati Awa have both mortal and immortal origins.

Colonising and decolonising the Māori mind

This video is about colonisation and decolonisation of the Māori mind.

Racism row in Gisborne council

‘Not enough Māori killed' comment leads to rally.

Ngāi Tahu – the iwi

A history of Ngai Tahu.

Impacts of colonisation on modern Māori culture

Ella Henry, Senior Lecturer of Maori Development, shares some thoughts on the impacts of colonisation and the Māori Renaissance.

Lost in translation

Comedian Mike King retraces the 1840 journey of the nine sheets of the Treaty of Waitangi.

Ngati Porou stories and history.

The New Zealand Wars

Images of the conflict over sovereignty and land between government forces and Māori.

The 1975 Land March

In 1975 led by then 79-year-old Whina Cooper, a coalition of Māori groups set out from the far north for Wellington, opposed to ongoing loss of their land.

The Māori world through images.

The milestone Te Māori exhibition opened up a world of Māori taonga to international audiences.

Māori events in history.

Waitangi Treaty– what really happened?

Colonisation in Aotearoa New Zealand

An explanation of colonisation in Aotearoa New Zealand.

200-year-old Māori drawings to go on loan to UK

Auckland Libraries has restored 200-year-old Māori sketches – some of the first materials to teach the world about the Māori culture and language.

Smoothing the pillow of a dying race

State policy throughout the period covered in this book assumed that Māori were under threat of extinction.

Māori history video

A Morse Gang rap about Māori history.

Growing interest in remembering Taranaki's land war history

Honouring and remembering Taranaki's history of war and peace is important.

Find your way to the tribal marae of Aotearoa New Zealand – through maps, information and photographs.

Te ao Māori: The synergy between women and the land

The relationship between Heretaunga chief Hēnare Tōmoana and his wife Ākenehi Pātoka, who signed the suffrage petition in 1893.

Who are Tūhoe?

Romanticised one moment, betrayed the next, the Tūhoe tribe of Te Urewera have been an enigma to outsiders for 150 years

History of Māori in Auckland

Tangata Hikoi: A history of Māori in Auckland.

New Zealand wars

The stories of Ruapekapeka.

He Tohu is a permanent exhibition of He Whakaputanga, Te Tiriti o Waitangi, and the Women's Suffrage Petition. He Tohu is a permanent exhibition of He Whakaputanga, Te Tiriti o Waitangi, ...

Māori land ownership

See major Crown acquisitions since 1840, including confiscations after the New Zealand Wars and peak Native Land Court era.

Māori are tangata whenua – people of the land. They came to Aotearoa from Polynesia in the 13th century and created a new language and culture.

Ngā rōpū – Māori organisations

Traditionally Māori society was based around whānau, hapū and iwi.

Māori and the First World War

Māori had mixed views about the First World War.

The Māori Land March

The Māori Land March – 40 years on.

The Native Rights Act, 1865.—No. 3 - New Zealand: Acts affecting Native Lands, 1886, 1888-91 and 1894-95

Whereas doubts have been raised whether certain persons of the Maori race are natural-born subjects of Her Majesty and whether Her Majesty's Courts of Law within the Colony of New-Zealand have juri...

The 28th Māori Battalion

The 28th Māori Battalion website is a place to record, remember, and honour the Māori Battalion.

Re-enactment of NZ Wars in Bay of Islands.

Students' petition sees hundreds re-enact NZ Wars in Bay of Islands.

Video stories about the importance of Māori history and identity.

Time travel and delving into taonga both famous and obscure with Dame Anne Salmond.

Wiremu Tamihana Tarapipipi Te Waharoa with a double barreled shot-gun

Wiremu Tamihana

‘Surrendering’ to General Carey in 1865 at Tamahere near present-day Hamilton, Wiremu Tamihana (and others who fought against Pakeha) were quick to learn their battles were only just beginning in s...

Teacher, outside with a blackboard, taking a geography class

Native schools begin with the creation of the 1867 Native Schools Act. The following year saw 17 schools operating and a few others receiving supplementary assistance. By 1955 the number had risen ...

Sketch of the country about Orakau

Sketch of the country about Orakau

The Orakau battle resulted in over 150 Maori deaths and signalled the end of the Waikato war. Many Maori were killed when they abandoned the pa en-masse and attempting to escape towards the Puniu r...

Prisoners of war taken at Rangiriri

Maori prisoners of war

Twenty-four Māori men (some obscured) are standing and seated mainly in two rows aboard the prison ship (hulk) Marion in Auckland Harbour. They are dressed in a mixture of Māori and European clothi...

Leslie, Walter Jefferson, 1855-1915 :[The trial of Te Whiti]. [Wellington] The Evening Press, 1886

Trial of Te Whiti

Te Whiti’s 1886 trial in Wellington was reported widely around the country. At the trial, one spectator noted that Te Whiti held himself more like a “King being tried by rebellious subjects than an...

Carved door

Carved door with the coat of arms for the Maori kings

While the mid-year celebration of Matariki and the symbolism of its 7 stars (the seven daughters of Matariki) are now well-known in New Zealand. What isn’t so well-recognised is that the Kiīngitang...

The day after Waitangi, 1840 - 2011. 6 February 2011

The day after Waitangi

In the first frame titled 1840, a thoughtful or even apprehensive Pakeha official clutches a document as a Maori chief smiles and puts his arm round his shoulder. In the second frame, the situation...

Tame Iti holding pou whenua, accompanied by Whina Cooper, leading Maori Land March along Hamilton street

Whina Cooper and Tame Iti

This photograph shows two of Maoridom’s most widely known activists together leading the famous 1975 Maori Land March through Hamilton/ Kirikiriroa. Carrying the pou whenua is a young Tame Iti. He ...

Storybook app: Turikatuku — Te wahine taki wairua

This interactive bilingual app tells the story of Turikatuku. She was born around 1773, shortly after the arrival of Captain Cook to Aotearoa.

E-Tangata: History

A selection of Maori history articles appearing on E-Tangata.

The Māori king visits Auckland

"Today, (January 1882) the occasion of the visit of the Māori king, Tawhiao, to Auckland... is a red-letter day."

Toki Poto, carved axe handle

Study of carved axe handle

There are many examples of everyday items that Māori embellished with carving. This one (others include paddles and firearms) is an axe handle. It has been ornately carved, leaving just enough spac...

Oliver, Richard Aldworth 1811-1889 :[Te Rauparaha wearing a cocked hat and tunic / R.A.] Oliver. - [18 Oct. 1848?].

This full length sketched portrait of the famous warrior chief, Te Rauparaha, was made in 1848. Appropriately for someone who was sometimes called Napoleon of the South, it shows the Ngati Toa lead...

Māori group

A group of six Māori

This staged photograph shows a group of six Māori (one wearing Pakeha clothing) and an unidentified male European. It possibly includes Hariata and Hare Pomare in the centre. Hariata and Hare Pomar...

Letter by Arekatera Te Weraomahuta

Letter from Arekatera Te Weraomahuta

This is a letter (and contemporary translation) by Arekatera Te Weraomahuta to Te Waka (a Maori Newspaper.) It urges Maori to end war, become united under the one law and take advantage of the econ...

'Mother of the Nation' Dame Whina Cooper immortalised at Panguru

Revered leader Dame Whina Cooper — and one of the country's most iconic photos — are now immortalised in bronze at Panguru.

History of Aotearoa podcast

The Sweet As History of New Zealand!

Timeline of Māori newspapers

Timeline of Māori newspapers

This timeline shows the dates that Māori-language newspapers were published. The earliest such papers were government publications, with an increase in Māori-owned newspapers towards the end of the...

Setting aside the Moriori myth

Moriori are the waina pono - the original inhabitants - of Rēkohu/Chatham Islands.

Maui Solomon - the negotiator

The Moriori Treaty Settlement signed on February 14 2020, finally acknowledged the decimation of Moriori and the mythologising of a race that had been the architects of passive resistance.

Te Hau Kāinga - The Māori Home Front

This project explores the impacts of World War Two on the Home Front during and after this conflict.

Two New Zealands: The 2,700 day gap

Animated look at the Māori experience of health and the cancer journey.

Tongariro National Park - A Gift to the People of New Zealand

In 1887 Te Heuheu Tukino IV (Horonuku), the paramount chief of the Tuwharetoa, gifted on behalf of his tribe the summits of Tongariro, Ngauruhoe and part of Ruapehu to the people of New Zealand, so...

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Events of Hawke's Bay

Events of Hawke's Bay

Throughout our history, lots of things have happened that have had an impact on Hawke's Bay. Use the recommended...

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