Tikanga

Date: 1959-1976

From: Fowler, Leo, 1902-1976: Papers and photographs

Reference: 77-014-1/19A

Description: Papers relating to Maoritanga including research papers, articles, correspondence and stories. Includes whakatauki (proverbs), a poem/song called "The Song of Maoritanga," an article about Maori education and educators' attitudes to the cultural heritage of Maori youth, a Maori Land Court interim decision on Raharuhi Rukupo delivered at Gisborne 19 Sep 1975, some notes about moemoea (dreams) and their interpretation within the Maori culture, an article by Fowler titled "The teaching of Maori in schools," papers relating to the significance of tukutuku patterns for Ngati Porou and other articles relating to various topics including Wharepuni [sleeping houses], a Maori almanac (re: fishing and planting), a draft story of "The taniwha of Tuparoa" and some loose papers relating to Fowler's autobiography. Quantity: 1 folder(s).

Date: [1954-1973]

From: Fowler, Leo, 1902-1976: Papers and photographs

Reference: 77-014-6/04

Description: Correspondence, whakapapa, articles, research notes and photographs. Most of the letters are from Te Kani Te Ua to Leo Fowler between 1958 to 1966, plus some undated material. There is also a detailed whakapapa book relating to East Coast whakapapa and histories. Articles relating to Maori history and culture and Maoritanga. Also correspondence from A H & A W Reed. Language - whakapapa in Maori Quantity: 1 folder(s). Two black and white photographic prints of a kapa haka group - possibly Waihirere Maori club

Date: 1915-1931

From: Ngata, Apirana Turupa (Sir), 1874-1950 : Papers

Reference: MS-Papers-6919-0475

Description: Quantity: 1 folder(s). Physical Description: Typescript

Date: 1884

From: Stratford, Peter : Epsom Trust collection

Reference: MS-Papers-11750-09

Description: Bound handwritten speech in three parts by Mr Hammond of the Native Land Court. Part 1, Native Traditions; Part 2, Native customs and etiquette; Part 3, Maori legends. Written in pencil before the beginning of part 1 is as follows `A lecture delivered in Auckland New Zealand in September 1884 at St [Sepulders] School rooms by Mr [Hammond] the Registrar or Chief Clerk of the Native Law Court one of the best authorities in Native Customs etc in New Zealand as in that Court all Native titles are adjudicated upon & the natives all own their land by descent & tradition.' Quantity: 1 folder(s). 0 Linear Metres.

Date: 1975-1976

From: Metge, Alice Joan (Dame), 1930- : Research papers

Reference: fMS-Papers-11804-4

Description: Scrapbook of clippings relating to Maori topics including Maori culture/Maoritanga, Maori gangs, marae, Maori art and carving, the Maori Land March of 1975 and race relations. Quantity: 1 folder(s). 0 Linear Metres.

Date: Jan 1974 - Mar 1975

From: Metge, Alice Joan (Dame), 1930- : Research papers

Reference: fMS-Papers-11804-1

Description: Scrapbook of clippings primarily relating to Maori subjects. Includes clippings from Ranginui Walker's `Korero' column from the New Zealand Listener. Quantity: 1 folder(s). 0 Linear Metres.

From: White, John, 1826-1891 : Papers

Reference: MS-Papers-0075-B09A

Description: These folders are White's manuscript versions of Ancient History of the Maori and include volumes which were prepared but not published before his death and contains a folder re waiata, purakau and tupapaku in the Kawhia caves. Physical Description: Mss Finding Aids: Inventory available.

Date: August 1995

From: Kahungunu Kaumatua of the late 1900s

By: Whakamoe, Meriana, 1917-1992

Reference: OHInt-0591/17

Description: E korero ana mo te kawa me nga tikanga o Ngati Kahungunu Talks about Ngati Kahungunu customs and protocols Quantity: 1 Hours Duration. Finding Aids: Abstract Available - no abstract(s) available.

Date: Aug 1992

By: Williams, Haare, 1940-; Te Rei, Patariki, 1913-1995

Reference: OHColl-0612/1

Description: E korero ana a Patariki mo te wa i a ia e tamariki ana, ona kainga noho, nga takutai moana mahinga kai me nga raruraru ki te iwi Maori i raro i te mana o te Kuini. He paku korero mo tona tipuna a Patrick O'Comedy, te wa i roto ia i te ropu rererangi me tana mahi kamura. E whakamarama ana ia mo te ohaki a Te Whiti raua ko Tohu Kaahaki ki te iwi o Parihaka, te mauheretanga i te iwi o Taranaki, te rangimarie me te whakapono, tana whakamarama mo Te Paahua me te taenga o nga waka katoa ki Waitangi i te tau 1990. E whakamarama ana ia mo nga waka Te Ahi Kakariki me Te Panui o Whiti, nga whawhai nunui a Te Rauparaha raua ko Te Wherowhero, nga mahi o te ao hou, te kawa me nga tikanga o te marae, te reo me ona ahuatanga me he korero mo te kaumatua. Patariki talks about the passive resistance at Parihaka, mentions Te Whiti and Tohu Kaakahi, the sentencing of Taranaki people in the South Island, Te Whiti's return to Parihaka and explains the significance of Te Paahua. Talks about the arrival of waka nationwide for the 1990 Waitangi celebrations, explains about Te Wherowhero and Te Rauparaha and about the waka Te Ahi Kakariki and Te Panui o Whiti His views for Maori in the new millenium and talks about his upbringing in Taranaki, eeling, pollution, acquiring te reo Maori and the governments deliberations on addressing land and fisheries grievances of the last century. Appeals to Maori to work as one people and mentions rangatira being of no use if on the general electoral roll, instead unite. Talks about his Irish tipuna Patrick O'Comedy. Mentions his own name is also known as Paa Ariki, birthplace Matauri Bay, raised in Kaikohe, and a descendent of Ngati Kahu and Ngapuhi. Mother's iwi Ngati Toa, his paternal tipuna also Ngati Toa ancestry. Father was a Whaler and when family moved to Taranaki worked on a farm at Waiokura. 1928-1930 attended Mormon College, Heretaunga. Mentions meeting Apirana Ngata at Waitangi. Talks about his experiences in the Air Force, mentions training in Auckland, missed going to Canada, posted to Fiji, New Hebrides, returned home after 4 years. Worked as a carpenter until retirement. Concerns regarding unemployment, drugs, gambling, solo parenting, gays, lesbianism, sexual abuse, immorality, de facto relationships and women's health issues. Discusses and explains the marae and its concepts, te reo and its concepts, kaumatua and kuia, tangata. Interviewer(s) - Haare Williams Arrangement: Tape numbers - OHC-010771 - OHC-010772 Quantity: 12 C60 cassette(s). 1 printed abstract(s). 1 interview(s). Finding Aids: Abstract Available - abstracting complete OHA-3822.

Date: 5 November - 22 Dececmber 1998

By: Walker, Piripi, 1955-; Hakaraia, Marie, active 1999

Reference: OHColl-0620

Description: An oral history project concerning Rangiatea, the Māori Anglican Church at Otaki. Comprises interviews in which John Moffat, Netty Wilson, Tahiwi (Buster) Carkeek, Louise Carkeek, Hira Royal, Mere Kena, Andre Baker, Hohipuha Cook, Paddy Rikihanal, and Marie Hakaraia discuss the history of Rangiatea, the burning down of the church in 1995, and the rebuild project. Topics include the vestry, various ministers, church experiences, the extent of the pastorate, the Church's early history, the return of local soldiers from World War II, the opening of Te Wananga o Raukawa, kaumatua, Carkeek family history, issues about rebuilding and the significance of rebuilding the Church, traditional Maori beliefs versus Christianity, Te Rauparaha and Christianity, the Anglican Church, the interaction of Ngati Toa and Ngati Raukawa with government and the loss of land. A joint oral history project by Te Wananga o Raukawa and Te Roopu Whakahaere o Rangiatea. Funded by an Oral History grant from the Department of Internal Affairs. Rangiatea Church at Otaki was built between 1844 and 1851 under the guidance of Te Rauparaha and missionary Octavius Hadfield. It was the oldest Maori Anglican church in New Zealand until it was burnt down in 1995 by an arsonist. A replica of the church building was opened in 2003, which houses some of the treasures salvaged from the original church building. Quantity: 9 interview(s). 5 C60 cassette(s). 4 C90 cassette(s). 1 printed abstract(s). 1 folder(s) (containing inwards letter from donor and project overview documents). Finding Aids: Abstract Available - other index available. Search dates: 1998 Number of interviews/events: 9

Date: 25 Feb 2000

From: Government House oral history project Stage II

By: Walker, Joseph James, 1941-2009

Reference: OHInt-0642/2

Description: Joe Walker was born in Opunake in 1941. Describes being brought up by his mother and grandfather until his mother remarried Hector Walker from Rotoma, Fiji. Mentions his birth father. Talks about his brother, three sisters and a half brother. Describes education at Opunake Primary and High Schools. Recalls enjoying academic work and sport. Talks about becoming Regimental Sergeant Major (RSM) in the school cadets. Describes links with Te Atiawa and Ngati Ruahine. Explains an awakening to being Maori while in the Army. Mentions have done Maori language at Victoria University, joining the hikoi and studying the Treaty of Waitangi with Donna Awatere. Mentions he was responsible for programmes including Maori at APEC. Describes joining the Army and explains his progression through the ranks. Discusses becoming professional, becoming a leader and learning to take risks. Discusses fighting in Vietnam and attitudes to Vietnamese veterans. Mentions marrying Patsy McGowan in 1963 and her support of his life in the Army. Mentions he was Brigadier Commander at the 1990 Commonwealth Games. Mentions his association with the SAS and describes studying counter terrorism in Great Britain. Discusses resigning from the military in 1990 after thirty years' service. Describes his appointment as Comptroller of Government House in 1990. Mentions organising the changeover from Sir Paul Reeves as Governor General to Dame Catherine Tizard. Discusses the preparation of a five year plan for the Governor General. Discusses changing the culture of the role of Governor General from British to New Zealand and the need for the role to be simple and relevant to New Zealand while maintaining quality. Describes Sir Paul and Lady Reeves and functions held for the Maori community. Comments on the informal tone of Dame Catherine Tizard while maintaining her position as representative of the head of state. Describes how he put New Zealand art on the walls. Describes the position of Comptroller as Operations Manager with the Chief Secretary's position that of the Chief Executive. Mentions Ken Richardson. Discusses the relationship between the military and the Governor-General and the role of the aides de camp. Mentions that Government House had come under the the Department of Internal Affairs but now comes under the Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet. Mentions an organisational review which structured out the office of Comptroller. Discusses the Royal Family and a number of overseas visitors including the Queen of the Netherlands, King of Malaysia, Sultans of Bahrain, Iraq and Brunei, Presidents of Croatia, Chile, Ireland and Germany and President Mandela. Mentions the Queen's visit in 1995 and the CHOGM meeting. Discusses the relationship of the Governor-General and Jim Bolger . Mentions a security review at Government House and redevelopment of the gardens. Talks about the 25th anniversary of Robert Sisson Stretch as butler. Describes seeing Sir Michael Hardie Boys into office as Governor-General before leaving the job. Interviewer(s) - Hugo Manson Quantity: 4 C60 cassette(s). 1 printed abstract(s). 1 interview(s). 4 Hours Duration. Finding Aids: Abstract Available - abstracting complete OHA-3409.

Date: 9-28 Dec 1996 - 09 Dec 1996 - 28 Dec 1996

From: Memories of the Kaipara oral history project : Part two

By: Pihema, Ani Masefield, 1924-2002

Reference: OHInt-0633/1

Description: Ani Pihema was born near Helensville in 1924. Describes how her mother, Meri Ngaroto, had foster parents and her father, Murray Pihema, was brought up by his mother's family. Mentions his father, Louis Arnoldson, worked on the gumfields. Describes how her own father was gassed during World War I and died of tuberculosis at a young age. Gives early memories of Haranui, their small farm, the old pa and her great grandmother Harata Takare. Talks about their whare, gardens and gardening techniques. Mentions her mother Meri Ngaroto (Molly Williams) went to school at Helensville. Talks about camping holidays on Pahekeheke Island, Sunday School picnics at Shelly Beach, the small Parkhurst School and local spring water. Discusses Maori Pakeha relationships. Mentions Harold Mather. Describes how her mother milked a herd of cows. Discusses the meeting house which had been brought over from Taporoporopo, dismantled, the carvings buried and found again after World War I. Discusses tikanga Maori. Discusses kinship with Maori across the Kaipara Harbour at Kakanui, Araparera and Puatahi. Discusses tangi. Talks about the tangi of Arthur Povey and the Povey, Hill and Richards families. Discusses a gift of land. Mentions Rev Marsden. Describes her writing of Ngati Whatua history in 1965. Talks about the Orakei meeting house and her grandmother whose second husband owned part of the Otakanini Block. Describes how Orakei was originally Tainui land. Mentions Kiwi Tamaki, Te Tao, Haranui, Tuperiri, the Makirikiri Pa and Waiohua (iwi). Discusses the family interrelationship of Reweti, Haranui and Orakei. Mentions the Orakei Block has been returned to Te Tao. Discusses the settlement of land claims in the early 1900s by the Maori Land Court. Mentions an 1869 land claim and the case of Te Kawau against Waiohua. Interviewer(s) - Gabrielle Hildreth Quantity: 2 C60 cassette(s). 1 printed abstract(s). 1 interview(s). 2 Hours Duration. Finding Aids: Abstract Available - abstracting complete OHA-3320.

Date: 15 Jul 1996

From: Memories of the Kaipara oral history project : Part two

By: Tangaroa, William Tamu, 1922-1999

Reference: OHInt-0633/4

Description: William Tangaroa was born in 1922 in Wellington. Gives the origins of Ngati Whatua. Talks about his grandmother Mere Huia Shaw and her marriage for the purpose of holding land. Describes how her grandparents settled at Dairy Flat then Reweti (Rewiti). Describes their original home of nikau and raupo and the home that was built in 1928. Describes the site of the original Reweti marae in the hills. Discusses missionaries Reverend Marsden and Reverend Selwyn and Ngati Whatua. Discusses his father, John Tangaroa, who attended Three Kings Secondary School and Wesley College with Jack Nathan. Gives details of the background of his mother, Emma Smith. Talks about the Depression, the children carting water for the gardens and his grandfather being blinded digging rushes. Describes the selling of produce from the Reweti gardens at the market. Discusses the sacred Reweti mountain, Puketapu, where burials were made. Explains the way people were buried according to their place in society. Notes that Tauwhare Hill was a recovery place for warriors. Mentions the quarry in the area which was closed as a result of lots of accidents. Discusses fishing methods and the catching of eel, koura, toheroa, paua, mussels and other species. Describes drawing the oil from mutton birds. Describes how work was done with horses and mentions the breaking in of brumbies. Mentions how the moving sand buried native bush and the role of marram grass in stabilising sand. Mentions his schooling at Helensville and leaving school and working in a bush camp. Describes the work. Describes planting marram during the Depression and the finding of midden. Describes being manpowered to do farm work in World War II. Mentions marriage. Mentions the South Head forestry settlement. Comments on the continuation of early customs at Reweti including herbal knowledge, forecasting weather and food preparation. Discusses tapu and the identification of tapu places. Mentions the Brynderwyn bus accident and identifying victims. Describes how the sacred mountain, Puketapu, is now planted in pine. Interviewer(s) - Gabrielle Hildreth Quantity: 2 C60 cassette(s). 1 printed abstract(s). 1 interview(s). 2 Hours Duration. Finding Aids: Abstract Available - abstracting complete OHA-3321.

Date: 19 Apr 1982-3 Feb 1983 - 19 Apr 1982 - 03 Feb 1983

From: King, Michael (Dr), 1945-2004: Collection

By: Cooper, Whina (Dame), 1895-1994

Reference: OHInt-0514/1

Description: This interview took place over a number of months to provide material for Michael King to write the biography of Whina Cooper at her request. Discusses her family background, her father Heremia Te Wake, a Native Land Court assessor and her mother, Kare Pauro Kawatihi. Notes that she was the first child of her father's second marriage. Discusses her father and his attitude to Pakeha,land and mana. Mentions his friend Sir James Carroll and Sir Maui Pomare. Recalls childhood and schooling at Whakarapa Native School and St Joseph's Maori Girls' College in Napier. Describes working in the local store, becoming a teacher trainee at the Pawarenga Native School and then housekeeper at the Catholic presbytery. Recalls considering becoming a nun but changing her mind over a nun's treatment of a child. Talks about her role in fighting for the preservation of the Whakarapa mudflats, being drained by a Pakeha farmer, at the age of eighteen. Describes her interest in land surveyor Richard Gilbert, marriage to him in 1917, living at her parents' home and the birth of a daughter. Describes both parents' deaths and the need for her young family to move. Recalls living on family land at Te Karaka, the birth of another child and assistance from a priest to buy Heremia Te Wake's home and farm and the local store. Describes paying off the loan and building a new shop, post office, community centre and health clinic while husband Richard Gilbert ran the farm and later bought a second farm. Mentions becoming president of a Panguru branch of the New Zealand Farmers' Union and her role in land development in the Hokianga. Comments on Sir Apirana Ngata and legislation enabling Maori to borrow money to clear, drain, grass and fence land. Mentions the establishment of a programme dividing the Hokianga into development schemes and her supervision of the Panguru and Waihou schemes. Talks about the role of senior land consolidation officer William Cooper and the growth of her relationship with him. Talks about the death of husband Richard Gilbert and her intention to marry William Cooper on his divorce. Comments on reaction to this, moving to Kamo with William Cooper and having four more children. Recalls her fund-raising efforts during the war. Describes the return to Panguru of Whina and Bill Cooper after their marriage. Mentions the attempt to organise the building of a meeting house in Panguru. Talks about the death of husband Bill Cooper and going to Auckland. Discusses the beginning of the Maori Women's Welfare League (MWWL) in 1951, her election as President and travelling the country to establish branches. Discusses the work of the League and her role in it. Talks about the establishment of an Auckland urban marae, Te Unga Waka, in 1966. Talks about her health and attitude to medicines. Discusses her involvement in leading the Maori Land March in 1975 and the organisation Te Ropu o te Matakite. Talks about Kupe's discovery of Hokianga harbour. Discusses Father Becker, Archbishop Liston and other Catholic clergy. Talks about custom, carvings and fishing. Interviewer(s) - Michael King Quantity: 5 C60 cassette(s). 5 C90 cassette(s). 1 interview(s). Finding Aids: Abstract Available - no abstract(s) available.

Date: 2022

By: Mackintosh, Rochelle, active 2022

Reference: OHColl-1609

Description: Five interviews conducted by Rochelle Mackintosh in 2022 to record the early personal experiences of six kaumātua growing up in and around Te Araroa on the East Coast of the North Island between the 1930s and 1950s. The interviewees were Adelaide Clarke, Maaka Tibble, Sir John Clarke, Sydney Clarke, and Tauoha Takanui and George Clarke. Many of the kaumātua are associated with the Te Whānau a Kahu and Te Whānau a Hinerupe hapū. Topics covered in the interviews include: family, upbringing, education, employment, and daily lives in the Te Araroa area. The interviewer also identified the following concepts as being "interwoven thoughout their experiences": identity, belongingness, kāinga (settlements), whenua (land), awa (river), tikanga (customs), whānaungatanga (kin relationships), manaakitanga (generosity), matauranga-a-hapū (sub-tribe knowledge), and kaitiakitanga (guardianship). Project received a Ngā Kōrero Tuku Iho, Piki Ake! Kake Ake! New Zealand Oral History Grant from Manatū Taonga Ministry for Culture and Heritage in 2021. Title supplied by donor. Quantity: 5 Interview(s). 33 Electronic document(s) includes digital abstracts, recording agreement forms, and biographical information forms. 9 digital sound recording(s). 5 printed abstract(s) includes recording agreement forms. 1 folder(s) biographical information forms. Search dates: 2022 Processing information: Digital recording agreement forms and biographical information forms were delivered together in a single PDF file for each interviewee. For preservation and delivery purposes they have been separated into two PDF files.

Date: May 1998 - December 2000

By: Collins, Heeni Meretini, 1960-; Edwards, Mihipeka Anne, 1918-2008; Steele, Roger, active 1970-2015

Reference: OHColl-1572

Description: An interview with Mihi Edwards. Speaks about her life and views, mixed marriage, spirituality, and waiata. Speaks about the deep significance of karanga. Information gathered from this interview was used to produce the third book about Mihi Edwards titled 'Mihipeka: Te Karanga a Te Kuia', Steele Roberts, 2001. Title supplied by Library. Quantity: 1 C90 cassette(s). 10 C60 cassette(s). 5 audiocassette(s). 1 Interview(s). Finding Aids: Abstract(s) available - awaiting processing.. Search dates: 1998 - 2000

Date: [1987]

From: Stratford, Peter : Epsom Trust collection

Reference: MS-Papers-11750-34

Description: Drafts (handwritten and typescripts) for a book about Maori warfare, possibly for book titled Maori Warrior, published ca 1988, by the Institute for Polynesian Studies, Brigham Young University. Quantity: 1 folder(s). Transfers: To Drawings & Prints Collection - Three drawings from ET/AT 004..

Date: [1988]

From: Stratford, Peter : Epsom Trust collection

Reference: MS-Papers-11750-33

Description: Research papers and notes relating to a range of topics including Maori warfare, the New Zealand wars, Black Power (gang) in Pukekohe, moko mokai, Maori art and indigenous mythology. Quantity: 1 folder(s). Transfers: To Drawings & Prints Collection - Three drawings from ET/AT 004..

Date: [1987]

From: Stratford, Peter : Epsom Trust collection

Reference: MS-Papers-11750-32

Description: Annotated draft of `Maori Folk Art', by Alan Taylor. Quantity: 1 folder(s).

Date: [1987]

From: Stratford, Peter : Epsom Trust collection

Reference: MS-Papers-11750-35

Description: Printed matter relating to research on Maori warfare. Quantity: 1 folder(s).