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Parihaka

Parihaka was invaded on 5 November 1881. These resources cover the causes, the Day of Plunder, the peace prophets (Te Whiti and Tohu), their non-violent passive resistance to the confiscation of Māori whenua and how and why this is remembered today. SCIS no. 1892958

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Parihaka

Art, cartoons and displays based on Parihaka

Invasion of pacifist settlement at Parihaka

About 1600 government troops invaded the western Taranaki settlement of Parihaka, which had come to symbolise peaceful resistance to the confiscation of Māori land.

Parihaka ploughing campaign begins

Under the leadership of Te Whiti and Tohu Kākahi, Parihaka Māori began a ploughing campaign in protest against European settlement on land confiscated from Māori.

Erueti Te Whiti-o-Rongomai III - Sketch made by William Francis Robert Gordon

Erueti Te Whiti-o-Rongomai III - Sketch made by William Francis Robert Gordon

Carte-de-visite portrait of Erueti Te Whiti-o-Rongomai III, a copy of an 1880 sketch by William Francis Robert Gordon, taken ca 1880s by an unknown photographer. Location of original unknown. W F ...

Te Whiti and Tohu Te Whiti-o-Rongomai and Tohu Kākahi were notable prophets, who were Taranaki kinsmen and married to sisters. In 1862 Te Whiti had helped passengers and crew escape from the wreck ...

THE PARIHAKA MEETING. (Timaru Herald, 03 November 1881)

The New Zealand Wars 4 - Taranaki Prophets (Episode Four)

The New Zealand Wars 4 - Taranaki Prophets (Episode Four)

In this excerpt from James Belich's high-rating Aotearoa history series, the focus returns to Taranaki, where charismatic chief Tītokowaru had been promoting peace. But settler demands for land and...

Research papers

‘Alienation of Land within the Parihaka Block’

[Commissioned Research Report] The aim of this report is to provide information on what happened to the land within the Parihaka Block from the time it was confiscated to the present.

John Bryce. Native Minister

John Bryce. Native Minister

Story: Tohu Kakahi -

Tohu Kakahi, whose historical importance has often been ignored, was responsible along with Te Whiti-o-Rongomai III for making the village of Parihaka in Taranaki a symbol of pacifist protest again...

Letter to the Governor, written at Parihaka, Taranaki

Letter to the Governor, written at Parihaka, Taranaki

Asks the Governor to return the greenstone weapon Kataore, a keepsake from his ancestors. Refers to Greys care for the Maori people in the past, and asks he return the weapon and not keep it, to s...

Tātarakihi - The Children of Parihaka

Tātarakihi - The Children of Parihaka

In 1881, after being met by the pa's children holding white feathers of peace, invading constabulary ended Te Whiti and Tohu's passive resistance at Parihaka in Taranaki. One of the darkest episode...

Parihaka flag consisting of a broad red, brown, navy blue stripe and a broad red stripe with three white feathers on a scroll.; Cotton/Fabric; Polyester/Fabric

In 1862 Te Ua Haumēne established a new religion, Hauhau based on the principle of pai marire – goodness and peace. Most settlers viewed Hauhau as a anti-European religion that became synonymous wi...

TE WHITI ARRESTED. FULL PARTICULARS. TOHU AND ITIROKI TAKEN PRISONERS. (Taranaki Herald, 07 November 1881)

Govt to apologise for Parihaka atrocities

The Crown is to formally apologise for atrocities during the sacking of the pacifist settlement at Parihaka in Taranaki in 1881.

Parihaka

The non-violent action preached and practiced by Māori prophets Te Whiti and Tohu at Parihaka in Taranaki forms one of the most compelling episodes of New Zealand’s 19th century history, as they re...

Parihaka — Ask that Mountain the story of Parihaka by Dick Scott — Heinnemann/Southern Cross (1975) $8.50 - Salient. Victoria University Students Newspaper. Vol. 38, No 3. March 21, 1975

Reviewed by Anthony Ward The story of Parihaka is a long and bitter one, characterised on one side by the dignity of the Maori leaders Te Whiti and Tohu and the patient determination of the many tr...

THE TARANAKI FRONTIER AND THE EXPEDITION TO PARIHAKA - The New Zealand Wars: A History of the Maori Campaigns and the Pioneering Period: Volume II: The Hauhau Wars, (1864–72)

The story of Parihaka, the one-time famous home of Te Whiti, the Prophet of the Mountain, has an important place in the annals of military enterprise and frontier adventure in New Zealand. Te Whiti...

Aureretanga Parihaka

Aureretanga Parihaka

Te Ahi Kaa this week features a dramatised documentary recreating the political manoeuvrings behind the invasion of Parihaka in Taranaki on 5 November 1881.

Renewed calls for Parihaka Day

Renewed calls for Parihaka Day

The Maori Party has renewed its call for November the fifth to be recognised as Parihaka Day to commemorate the sacking of the pacifist settlement in Taranaki by government troops in 1881.

Former prisoners return to Parihaka

Former prisoners return to Parihaka

In 1881 government forces entered the village of Parihaka, centre of a peaceful Māori resistance movement, arrested many of the inhabitants, and drove the others away. Parihaka was rebuilt, and tho...

THE PARIHAKA "RIOTERS." (Marlborough Express, 29 November 1881)

Parihaka gatherings

This gathering of people at Parihaka was photographed in the 1880s. Such events have been taking place since the Taranaki wars of the 1860s. At that time the Parihaka leaders Te Whiti-o-Rongomai an...

Burnt remains of Te Raukura meeting house, Parihaka

Burnt remains of Te Raukura meeting house, Parihaka

Shows the burnt remains of Te Raukura meeting house at Parihaka. Two remnant fireplaces are visible in the midground and there is a building visible in the background. In the foreground weeds are g...

Mt Taranaki forms a dramatic backdrop to the established settlement of Parihaka, painted by George Clarendon Beale around 1881. In the 1870s Parihaka became a centre for peaceful resistance to the ...

Anthony Ritchie: Remember Parihaka - downloadable PDF

Anthony Ritchie: Remember Parihaka - downloadable PDF

The New Zealand Settlements Act of 1863

The New Zealand Settlements Act of 1863

This law, passed in December 1863, allowed for the confiscation of land – without compensation – from any North Island tribe said to be ‘in rebellion against Her Majesty’s authority’. Under the pro...

"Parihaka"

Watercolour depicting Parihaka November 1881. Brown whare middle foreground. Te Whiti o Rongomai's house - Miti mai te Arero - is on the left of the middleground. The other white European-style bui...

Parihaka Pa

Parihaka Pa showing dwellings and other buildings. Photograph taken by William Andrews Collis. Inscriptions: Photographer's title on negative - bottom left - Parihaka Quantity: 1 b&w original neg...

Parihaka International Peace Festival 2009 [poster]

Parihaka International Peace Festival 2009 [poster]

Poster advertising the Parihaka International Peace Festival held at Parihaka, 9 - 11 January 2009

‘Comet over Mt Taranaki and Parihaka’

‘Comet over Mt Taranaki and Parihaka’

After the wars of the 1860s, large areas of land were confiscated from Māori. In Taranaki, resistance to the ongoing loss of land, and to European occupation of it, was centred at Parihaka. It was ...

Remembering Parihaka

Ways to remember Parihaka from Caritas, New Zealand.

Te Whiti-o-Rongomai III, Erueti

Te Whiti-o-Rongomai III was a descendant of both Awa-nui-a-rangi, the founder of Te Ati Awa of Taranaki, and Tahu-ao-ariki.

Reconciliation package for Parihaka

Details of $9m reconciliation package for Parihaka revealed.

Why wasn’t I told?

The tragedy of New Zealanders not being aware of Te Whiti and Parihaka.

Parihaka and the New Zealand Wars

A historian includes Parihaka in the New Zealand Wars.

A forerunner for Gandhi

Was Mahatma Gandhi influenced by Te Whiti o Rongomai?

The story of Te Whiti

Story of Te Whiti, from ancestral links, influence and his role in Parihaka

Truths far greater than myths

The truth about Māori political prisoners held in Dunedin Prison.

Timeline of events leading to the attack of Parihaka.

Image of Parihaka Pā and its location in Taranaki.

Replace Guy Fawkes with Parihaka Day

Māori Party calls for New Zealand to recognise Parihaka instead of Guy Fawkes.

Parihaka memorial

Image of Parihaka Memorial outside the Dominion Museum in Wellington.

Parihaka Grieving

Poem about Parihaka by Alistair Te Ariki Campbell.

Parihaka by Apirana Taylor

Poem about Parihaka by Apirana Taylor.

Petition flies the flag for 'Parihaka Day'

Petition for November 5 to be recognised as Parihaka Day.

Parihaka Peace festival

Celebrating Parihaka Peace Festival in 2010.

Studying Parihaka

NCEA Year 11 guide on studying Parihaka.

New insights into the 1881 invasion

A19th-century murder in Poneke uncovers new insights into the invasion of Parihaka.

Making connections

Reflects on the history of Parihaka marae, Taranaki, and its connections to Dunedin and the Hocken Collection via historical and spiritual reminders of the exile and imprisonment of many Taranaki M...

Parihaka overview template

A template for understanding Parihaka through a social inquiry approach.

Parihaka teaching resource

Parihaka o neherā, o nāianei: Parihaka – past and present. A teaching resource for years 1 to 13.

Ngā Tātarakihi o Parihaka

A young girl’s perspective on Parihaka before the raid in 1881.

Artists at Parihaka

Exhibition sees artists from around the world stay at Parihaka marae.

Historic caves have a story to tell

Chris Morris explores the story of Parihaka prisoners kept in caves.

Te Pire Haeata ki Parihaka/Parihaka Reconciliation Bill

This bill gives effect to the deed of reconciliation signed on 9 June 2017 in which the Crown and Parihaka agree to reconcile their relationship.

Apology to Parihaka

In 2017 the people of Parihaka were given a long-awaited apology by the Crown for actions in the late 1800s.

A photographic survey of 1881

A photographic survey of Parihaka in 1881.

Untold stories to tell

Profiles the historian and journalist Dick Scott. Talks to him about his experiences since his unearthing of the Parihaka story in the 1950s.

The comet in the sky

Auahi-roa and auahi-tūroa, means ‘long smoke trails’, 2 Māori names for comets. Te Whiti’s name was said to be derived from a comet. However he was in prison in 1882 when this photo was taken. Con...

Respect to the departed prophets

This lengthy report is about Parihaka and the strained relationship between the followers of the 2 peace prophets. Tohu and Te Whiti, which the writer suspects was contrived to sustain the interest...

Parihaka rejoicings

This report focuses on the attempt at reconciliation between the people of Parihaka and the Crown. The visiting Minister was presented with gifts by Tohu’s son. The report notes that some of the ol...

This engraved portrait of Tohu Kākahi was created by John Ward for his publication ‘Wandering with the Māori Prophets Te Whiti and Tohu.’ Tohu was a teacher, prophet and a relative of Te Whiti. Ins...

The Parihaka incident

This is a brief report of the invasion of Parihaka and the arrest of Te Whiti, Tohu, Titokowaru and Hiroki. The Māori who were under instructions from Te Whiti not to resort to violence offered no ...

The Rangi Kapuia meeting house was built by Tohu Kākahi. The name means ‘Draw the people together; Gather the skies.’ It was opened in 1927 on Parihaka Pa. The playing card symbols seen on the buil...

Te Whiti’s monument

Te Whiti o Rongomai was a powerful pacifist leader who preached the message of nonviolence from Parihaka. Elders of Parihaka believe he was born in 1815. He died on 18 November 1907. The words on ...

For diver’s reasons

John Bryce, the man in uniform was Minister for Native Affairs and of Defence in 1881. The image symbolises the government's treatment of passive resisters at Parihaka by cutting off supplies of fo...

The white feather

Taare Waitare, a wealthy Māori played an important role in Parihaka, especially in its management and modernisation. In this image, he is surrounded by children wearing white feathers in their hair...

The Crown passes the New Zealand Settlements Act in 1863.

Te Whiti & Parihaka

A Slideplayer timeline and history of Parihaka.

GLORIOUS CAPTURE OE TE WHITI, TOHU, AND HIROKI. (Observer, 12 November 1881)

GLORIOUS CAPTURE OE TE WHITI, TOHU, AND HIROKI. (Observer, 12 November 1881)

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Parihaka International Peace Festival

A collection of accounts of the Parihaka International Peace Festival set in King Country under Mount Taranaki.

Find more information on this topic on EPIC. Databases recommended: New Zealand History Collection, New Zealand Geographic, Australia & New Zealand Reference Centre Plus. School login maybe required.

The Taranaki Report: Kaupapa Tuatahi

Tribunal’s report on The Taranaki Report: Kaupapa Tuatahi released in 1996.

Parihaka – a very real symbol

An account of the opening of Parihaka: The Art of Passive Resistance at the City Gallery in Wellington.

Assembling of natives at Parihaka in 1882

Copies of telegrams sent in 1882 between Lieutenant-Colonel Roberts and Hon. Mr Bryce regarding Parihaka.

Te Tau O Te Pāhuatanga / The Pāhua

Taranaki Iwi remember the Day of Plunder.

Parihaka invaded by Dick Scott

An extract from the book describes what happened when troops and settler volunteers invaded the village of Parihaka on 5 November 1881. Find this extract from The New Zealand History Collection av...

I’ll Sing for You a Song of Parihaka

Tim Finn and his emotional bonding with Parihaka that led to his song.

Pungarehu Armed Constabulary camp

Painting of the entrance to the Armed Constabulary camp at Pungarehu in Taranaki.

Deed of reconciliation

Te Kawenata o Rongo – the deed of reconciliation between Parihaka and the Crown

Fife and drum band at Parihaka Pa

Fife and drum band at Parihaka Pa

A fife and drum band outside the house of W Te Whiti in Parihaka. Photograph taken by William Andrews Collis, circa 1880s to 1890s. Inscriptions: Photographer's title on negative - bottom left - F...

Art of passive resistance

Description: Short video clip featuring Parihaka imagery from Ngā Taonga Sound & Vision.

Research papers

The state as terrorist

This thesis explores New Zealand Policing practice during the invasions, expeditions and raids at Parihaka 1881, Maungapohatu 1916 and Ruatoki 2007.

The compact of trust

A statement of commitment between Parihaka and the Crown, that is a mutual acknowledgement and pledge to work together with a shared vision.

Parihaka has waited a long time for this day

The full apology from the Crown to the people of Parihaka, delivered by Attorney-General Chris Finlayson.

Parihaka by Apirana Taylor

A poem about Parihaka by Apirana Taylor.

Return to Parihaka

Angela Clifford gets a sense of powerful values or kaupapa from Parihaka.

Parihaka name to be protected

Parihaka Reconciliation Bill passed its second reading on 1 August 2019 and introduces new and unique protection for the name PARIHAKA that will prevent its unauthorised commercial use.

The Parihaka prisoners and the legend of the caves

Discovery of the Dunedin caves that held Māori men from Taranaki in the late 1800s.

The legacy of Parihaka

Rachel Buchanan and Mahara Okeroa talk with Maria Bargh about the 1881 invasion of Parihaka and the implications of Taranaki land confiscations today.

Stories of place in Aotearoa NZ

Use these activities to inspire curiosity into Māori and Pakeha perspectives and ‘stories of place.’

The pa, the president and the prophet

An account of the Taranaki land disputes of the 1870s and 1880s.

Ngā Tātarakihi o Parihaka

This downloadable story, set at Parihaka just prior to the government raid in 1881, is told from the perspective of a young girl who was living there.

Parihaka, 5 November 1881

What happened that morning in Parihaka on November 5, 1881? Te Whiti O Rongomai by Danny Keenan sets the scene for the armed invasion.

Remember that November

A book about what happened at Parihaka on 5 November in 1881. The book is a free resource for educators at Down the Back of the Chair.

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